Ọpọlọpọ awọn iru awọn peptides transmembrane lo wa, ati pe isọdi wọn da lori ti ara ati awọn ohun-ini kemikali, awọn orisun, awọn ilana ingestion, ati awọn ohun elo biomedical.Gẹgẹbi awọn ohun-ini ti ara ati kemikali, awọn peptides ti nwọle awọ ara le pin si awọn oriṣi mẹta: cationic, amphiphilic ati hydrophobic.Cationic ati amphiphilic awo ilu ti nwọle peptides ṣe iroyin fun 85%, lakoko ti awọ ara hydrophobic ti nwọle peptides ṣe iroyin fun 15% nikan.
1. Cationic awo ilu tokun peptide
Awọn peptides transmembrane Cationic jẹ ti awọn peptides kukuru ọlọrọ ni arginine, lysine, ati histidine, gẹgẹbi TAT, Penetratin, Polyarginine, P22N, DPV3 ati DPV6.Lara wọn, arginine ni guanidine, eyiti o le ṣe adehun hydrogen pẹlu awọn ẹgbẹ phosphoric acid ti ko ni idiyele lori awo sẹẹli ati mediate transmembrane peptides sinu awo ilu labẹ ipo ti iye PH ti ẹkọ iṣe-ara.Awọn ijinlẹ ti oligarginine (lati 3 R si 12 R) fihan pe agbara ilaluja awo ilu jẹ aṣeyọri nikan nigbati iye arginine jẹ kekere bi 8, ati pe agbara ilaluja awo ilu pọ si ni ilọsiwaju pẹlu ilosoke ti iye arginine.Lysine, botilẹjẹpe cationic bi arginine, ko ni guanidine ninu, nitorinaa nigbati o ba wa nikan, ṣiṣe ṣiṣe ilaluja awọ ara rẹ ko ga pupọ.Futaki et al.(2001) rii pe ipa ilaluja awọ ara to dara le ṣee waye nikan nigbati awọ ara sẹẹli cationic ti o wọ peptide ninu o kere ju 8 awọn amino acid ti o daadaa.Botilẹjẹpe awọn iṣẹku amino acid ti o ni agbara daadaa ṣe pataki fun awọn penetrative penetrative lati wọ inu awo ilu, awọn amino acids miiran jẹ pataki bakanna, gẹgẹbi nigbati W14 yipada si F, penetrability ti Penetratin ti sọnu.
Kilasi pataki ti awọn peptides transmembrane cationic jẹ awọn ilana isọdi agbegbe iparun (NLSs), eyiti o ni awọn peptides kukuru ti o ni ọlọrọ ni arginine, lysine ati proline ati pe o le gbe lọ si arin nipasẹ eka pore iparun.Awọn NLS le tun pin si ẹyọkan ati titẹ ilọpo meji, ti o ni ọkan ati awọn iṣupọ meji ti awọn amino acids ipilẹ, lẹsẹsẹ.Fun apẹẹrẹ, PKKKRKV lati kokoro simian 40(SV40) jẹ NLS titẹ ẹyọkan, lakoko ti amuaradagba iparun jẹ titẹ NLS meji.KRPAATKKAGQAKKKL jẹ ọna kukuru ti o le ṣe ipa ninu transmembrane membrane.Nitoripe ọpọlọpọ awọn NLS ni awọn nọmba idiyele ti o kere ju 8, awọn NLS kii ṣe awọn peptides transmembrane ti o munadoko, ṣugbọn wọn le jẹ awọn peptides transmembrane ti o munadoko nigba ti o ni ibatan si awọn ilana peptide hydrophobic lati dagba awọn peptides transmembrane amphiphilic.
2. Amphiphilic transmembrane peptide
Awọn peptides transmembrane amphiphilic ni awọn agbegbe hydrophilic ati hydrophobic, eyiti o le pin si amphiphilic akọkọ, elekeji α-helical amphiphilic, β-folding amphiphilic ati prolin-enriched amphiphilic.
Iru akọkọ iru amphiphilic wear membrane peptides si awọn ẹka meji, ẹka pẹlu awọn NLSs covalently ti a ti sopọ nipasẹ hydrophobic peptide ọkọọkan, gẹgẹ bi awọn MPG (GLAFLGFLGAAGSTMGAWSQPKKKRKV) ati Pep - 1 (KETWWETWWTEWSQPKKRKV), Mejeji da lori iparun isọdibilẹ ifihan agbara PKKKRKV ti SV4 ašẹ ti MPG ni ibatan si ọkọọkan idapọ ti HIV glycoprotein 41 (GALFLGFLGAAGSTMG A), ati agbegbe hydrophobic ti Pep-1 jẹ ibatan si iṣupọ ọlọrọ tryptophan pẹlu ijora awo awọ giga (KETWWET WWTEW).Sibẹsibẹ, awọn ibugbe hydrophobic ti awọn mejeeji ni asopọ pẹlu ifihan agbara isọdi iparun PKKKRKV nipasẹ WSQP.Kilasi miiran ti awọn peptides transmembrane amphiphilic akọkọ ti ya sọtọ lati awọn ọlọjẹ adayeba, gẹgẹbi pVEC, ARF (1-22) ati BPrPr (1-28).
Awọn peptides transmembrane transmembrane α-helical amphiphilic keji ti sopọ mọ awo ilu nipasẹ α-helices, ati awọn iṣẹku hydrophilic ati hydrophobic amino acid wa lori awọn oriṣiriṣi awọn ipele ti eto helical, gẹgẹbi MAP (KLALKLALK ALKAALKLA).Fun beta peptide folding type amphiphilic wear membrane, agbara rẹ lati ṣe agbekalẹ dì beta pleated jẹ pataki si agbara ilaluja ti awọ ara, gẹgẹbi ninu VT5 (DPKGDPKGVTVTVTVTVTGKGDPKPD) ninu ilana ṣiṣe iwadii agbara ilaluja ti awọ ara, ni lilo iru D. - awọn analogues iyipada amino acid ko le dagba nkan ti a ṣe pọ beta, agbara ilaluja ti awo ilu ko dara pupọ.Ni awọn peptides transmembrane amphiphilic ti o ni ilọsiwaju proline, polyproline II (PPII) ti wa ni irọrun ti a ṣẹda ninu omi mimọ nigbati proline ti ni imudara gaan ni eto polypeptide.PPII jẹ helix ti ọwọ osi pẹlu awọn iṣẹku amino acid 3.0 fun titan, ni idakeji si ọna boṣewa alpha-helix ti ọwọ ọtun pẹlu awọn iṣẹku amino acid 3.6 fun titan.Awọn peptides transmembrane amphiphilic ti o ni imudara Proline pẹlu peptide antimicrobial bovine 7 (Bac7), polypeptide sintetiki (PPR) n (n le jẹ 3, 4, 5 ati 6), ati bẹbẹ lọ.
3. Hydrophobic awo tokun peptide
Awọn peptides transmembrane hydrophobic ni awọn iṣẹku amino acid ti kii ṣe pola, pẹlu idiyele apapọ ti o kere ju 20% ti idiyele lapapọ ti ọkọọkan amino acid, tabi ni awọn ohun elo hydrophobic tabi awọn ẹgbẹ kemikali ti o ṣe pataki fun transmembrane.Botilẹjẹpe awọn peptides transmembrane cellular yii jẹ aṣemáṣe nigbagbogbo, wọn wa tẹlẹ, bii ifosiwewe idagba fibroblast (K-FGF) ati ifosiwewe idagba fibroblast 12 (F-GF12) lati sarcoma Kaposi.
Akoko ifiweranṣẹ: Oṣu Kẹta-19-2023